Introduction

After NASA, Soviet Union Space Program, ISRO and the European Space Agency, now the Chinese & the Arabs are all set to explore the terrains of the red planet. Earlier this month the updates regarding the two countries came in, that the UAE’s HOPE successfully entered the Martian orbit followed by China’s Tianwen -1.

Purpose:

• The main purpose of Tianwen-1 is to study the ionosphere; that is the layer of tiny electrically charged particles that surrounds the planet, and the climate of mars as to confer the reasons why the planet is losing its atmosphere. It has other secondary purposes like to study the geology and mapping the landscapes to support the future missions.

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About the orbiter:

1. While the HOPE orbiter being the UAE’s first ever interplanetary mission, Tianwen -1 is one of the many attempts made by the Chinese. Previously the china lost its orbiter Yinghuo -1 the mar mission, hence considering the odds this might be crucial for the Chinese.

Both the orbiters will be orbiting the red planet for one Martian year that is six hundred and eighty seven days of earth which is approximately two years on earth. After which the orbiters will land on the surface of the planet.

• This orbiter has numerous cameras and a magnetometer; a device that is used to measure the magnetic fields; and many particle analyzers. The orbiter will also act as a relay station for the river for communication purposes. The rover is just a size smaller than NASA’s perseverance rover, but the special thing about the rover is that it has got ground penetrating radar. The rover will be covering the lands of the red planet for 90 Martian days, and one day on Mars is 38 minutes longer than ours. During this time the rover will search for underground water deposits.
• As per the previous reports of the European Mars Express Orbiter, there is evidence of underground salt water lakes to be present but the reports lack measurements from the surface. This rover will visit these sites and try to find similar conditions; this exploration can also lead to the possibility of life on Mars in these underground lakes. This won’t be new for China as it has previously used a similar technology to explore the unique separate layers of water ice with its Yutu-2 river, up to 40 kilometers deep under the surface of the moon. The rover will land on the region named as Utopia Planitia. This region is the largest impact basins of the solar system. The orbiter will identify the given location precisely in the first three months.
• The UAE’s HOPE will be exploring the atmosphere of the planet. The main purpose of this mission is to understand the phenomenon of the changing of the huge quantities of Hydrogen & Oxygen in the atmosphere; this is mainly linked to the upper atmosphere of the planet. This particular research will help the earthlings understand the fact that how the red planet is rapidly losing its atmosphere and how the Martian dust particles play an important role in that, and how this affects the weather of the planet.

Conclusion

These two orbiters and their rovers will be joined by NASA’s perseverance rover on 18^th of February 2021 on their quest, and explore the red planet. These researches, explorations, reports and evidence will be the basis for the future mars missions of mankind. For more information, one can go through buzinessbytes.